Propolis, a substance produced by honeybees, has gained significant attention in recent years due to propolis’ potential health benefits, specifically its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. This review paper aims to discuss recent findings on the health benefits of propolis, discussing its diverse chemical composition, which consists of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Propolis has been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial properties, especially for gram-positive bacteria. It possesses bioactive compounds that contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating signal pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Additionally, propolis enhances the immune system by activating the macrophages, T-cells, and natural killer cells to induce immune responses. This paper demonstrates the significance of propolis in modern medicine and highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanism of its beneficial effects.